ASTM A213 321 321H 347 347H Chemical Composition Grade 321 321H 347 347H UNS Designation S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 Carbon (C) Max. 0.08 0.04–0.10 0.08 0.04-0.10 Manganese (Mn) Max. 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Phosphorous (P) Max. 0.045 0.045 0.04 0.04 Sulphur (S) Max. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Silicon (Si) Max. 1.00 1.00 0.75 0.74 Chromium (Cr) 17.0–20.0 17.0–20.0 17.0–20.0 17.0–20.0 Nickel (Ni) 9.0–12.0 9.0–12.0 9.0–13.0 9.0–13.0 Molybdenum (Mo) – – – – Nitrogen (N) – – – – Iron (Fe) Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Other Elements Ti=5(C+N) to 0.70% Ti=4(C+N) to 0.70% Cb+Ta=10xC-1.0 Cb+Ta=10xC-1.0 A limitation with 321 is that titanium does not transfer well across a high temperature arc, so is not recommended as a welding consumable. In this case grade 347 is preferred – the niobium performs the same carbide stabilisation task but can be transferred across a welding arc. Grade 347 is therefore the standard consumable for welding 321. Grade…

Electroless nickel plating of stainless steel parts (drive shafts, meshing parts, moving parts, etc.) can improve the uniformity and self-lubricity of the plating, which is better than chromium plating. However, electroless nickel plating on stainless steel often results in unsatisfactory bonding between the plating layer and the substrate due to poor pretreatment, which has become an urgent problem in actual production. The original process: mechanical polishing→organic solvent degreasing→chemical degreasing→hot water washing→electrochemical degreasing→hot water washing→cold water washing→30%HCl→cold water washing→20%HCl(50℃)→cold water washing→flash plating Nickel → electroless nickel plating. Disadvantages of the original process: the effect of using HCL alone to remove the oxide scale is not good; the flash nickel plating of complicated shapes affects the uniformity of electroless nickel plating due to poor coverage; the longer process may cause the fresh surface of stainless steel to be re-oxidized. Film; flash nickel plating solution is easy to pollute chemical nickel plating solution,…

1. Difference in Chemical Composition: 316L is an ultra-low-carbon stainless steel, while 316 stainless steel is a low-carbon stainless steel, not an ultra-low-carbon stainless steel. Grade – C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N TP316L min.max. -0.035 -2.0 -1.00 -0.045 -0.030 16.0-18.0 – 10.0-14.0 – 316 min.max. -0.08 -2.0 -1.00 -0.040 -0.030 16.0-18.0 – 10.0-14.0 – 2. Different in Yield Strength and Tensile Strength According to ASME SA213, for Tensile Strength, TP316L 485 min (N/MM2), 316 515 min (N/MM2). for Yield Strength, TP316L 170min (N/MM2), 316 205 min (N/MM2). Comparison of Composition Ranges of TP316 Stainless SteelSelection 316L Stainless Steel for High Purity Semiconductor Gas Filter AssembliesPipes Tubes Plates Bars Square Tubes Weight Calculation CalculatorPipe Working Pressure CalculationMetals Weight Calculator Calculation 316L Chemical Composition316L Resistance to Corrosion316L Physical Properties316L Mechanical Properties316L Oxidation Resistance316L Heat Treatment316L Fabrication

TP304 is equivalent to 06Cr19Ni10 (new GB standard 304), 304 is equivalent to 0Cr18Ni9(old GB standard 304). In terms of price, TP304 is also about USD 65 more expensive than 304 (per metric tons) What is the element content? The main difference between 304 and TP304 is its chromium content. The chromium content of TP304 is one higher, reaching more than 18, so its corrosion resistance and price are slightly higher than that of GB 304. Therefore, TP304 is more expensive than 304 in price, and the ingredients are as follows: Grade – C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N TP304 min.max. -0.08 -2.0 -1.00 -0.045 -0.030 18.0-20.0 – 8.0-11.0 – 304 min.max. -0.08 -2.0 -1.00 -0.040 -0.015 17.00-19.5 – 8.0-10.5 – General PropertiesChemical CompositionResistance to CorrosionHeat ResistancePhysical PropertiesMechanical PropertiesWeldingHeat TreatmentCleaning304/304L/304LN/304H Tubing and PipeStainless Steel ” L” “H” GradeDifference Between 304H and 347HDifference Between 304 304L and 321304…

Test Items ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 ASTM A269 ASTM A213 / ASME SA213 or ASTM A213/A269 Tensile StrengthTest Lot≤100Pcs, 1Pcs Per LotLot＞100Pcs, 2 Pcs Per Lot no requirement Lot≤50Pcs, 1Pcs Per LotLot＞50Pcs, 2 Pcs Per Lot Hardness Test no requirement 2 Pcs 2 Pcs Flaring Test 5% of Each Lot no requirement Each end of one finihed tubes Flattening Test no requirement 1 Pcs each end of another finihed tubes Intergranular Test according to order according to order according to order Grain Size 304H/321H/316H/347H no requirement 304H/321H/316H/347H Eddy Current Test or Hydrostatic Test alternative alternative alternative Ultrasonic Test according to order according to order according to order

Export ASME SA213 SA688 TP316L Stainless Steel U Tubes finished in Pickling Annealing. Size with Outside Diameter 20mm, Wall Thickness 1.6mm, Length from 7661mm – 8050mm. Total in 882KGS. Package in Waterproof Paper bundles and put into Plywood Cases. ASME SA688 SA213 TP316L Stainless Steel U Bend Tube Pictures as below: Standard according to ASME SA213 SA688. Technical Requirements as below: Diameter of tube in the U bent portion At the bent portion of a U-tube for R = 2 × D or greater, neither the major nor minor diameter of the tube shall deviate from the nominal diameter prior to bending by more than 10 %. If less than 2 × D is specified, tolerances could be greater, provided that Entropie agrees prior to order. The wall thickness of the tube in the U-bent section shall not be less than value determined by the equation: where: tf = wall…

Export ASTM A269 TP316 Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes finished in Pickling Annealing. Size with Outside Diameter 12.7mm/1/2″, Wall Thickness 1.245mm/0.035″, Length in 6000mm. Total in 1 Metric Tons. Standard according to ASTM A269. OD tolerance 100% Good, Wall Thickness Tolerance in Minimum 100% Good, Length Tolerance within (0,+3mm) 100% good. Mechanical properties is excellent. Package in Waterproof Paper bundles and put into Plywood Cases.ASTM A269 TP316 Stainless Steel Tube Pictures as below:

On Sep 25th, 2020, We export ASTM A789 S32205 (Same with ASME SA789 S32205), OD 38.1mm WT 1.651mm Length 7315mm, Quantity in 3700 Pcs. We finished in very good quality and passed the 3rd Party Inspection, Dimensional Tolerances Outside Diameter – 38.1mm +/- 0.25mm Wall Thickness – 1.65 +/-0.17mm Length – 7315mm -nil +5mm

Stainless Steel Tube Sizes Chart and Weight Chart Stainless Steel Tubing Sizes Chart Stainless Steel Tube Weight Chart Stainless Steel Tube Size Related link Stainless Steel Tube Sizes (Metric): 6 mm, 10mm, 12mm, 20mm, 25mm, 25.4mm, 31.75mm, 32.0mm, 38.1mm, 44.5mm…Stainless Steel Tube Sizes (Fractional): ¼”, 3/8″, ½”, ¾” and 1″… Stainless Steel Tube Sizes Chart and Weight Chart O. D. in mm Weight in kg/m Wall Thickness mmO.D. mm 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.6 6.0 0.069kgs 0.081 0.093 0.104 0.125 0.144 0.176 – – – – – 10.0 0.119kgs 0.141 0.163 0.184 0.225 0.264 0.336 – – – – – 12.7 0.153kgs 0.182 0.210 0.238 0.293 0.345 0.444 – – – – – 14.0 0.169kgs 0.201 0.233 0.264 0.325 0.384 0.496 – – – – – 15.87 0.192kgs 0.229 0.266 0.301 0.372 0.440 0.571 0.694 – – – – 19.0 0.231kgs 0.276 0.320…

Gauge Size | Pipe Schdule | Nominal Pipe Size | Sheet Metal Gauge | Stainless Steel Pipe Size | Stainless Steel Tube Size | Stainless Steel Pipe Specification | Stainless Steel Pipe Dimensions | ANSI Pipe Chart | Inch to mm Chart | EN 10253 4 Structural Dimensions of fittings ISO 5251 ISO 3419 | Stainless Steel Tubing Sizes Stainless Steel Pipe Size include Gauge Size decide the wall thickness,Pipe Schdule according to ASME B36.10M, give us the OD size and wall thickness. Nominal Pipe Size similar with Pipe Schdule. ANSI Pipe Chart. How old were you when you learned that a “2 by 4” isn’t a piece of lumber that measures 2 inches by 4 inches? Have you ever been told that 11/8-inch pipe doesn’t exist? Using the correct terminology when ordering material (or fittings, tools, or other items that must be used with these materials) can save a lot of time, headaches, and money! Many products have a name that for convenience only approximates the material’s size. These are sometimes referred to as nominal dimensions. TubingChina describes nominal…

Gauge Size | Pipe Schdule | Nominal Pipe Size | Sheet Metal Gauge | Stainless Steel Pipe Sizes | Stainless Steel Tube Size | Stainless Steel Pipe Specification | Stainless Steel Pipe Dimensions | ANSI Pipe Chart | Inch to mm Chart | EN 10253 4 Structural Dimensions of fittings ISO 5251 ISO 3419 | Stainless Steel Tubing Sizes Inch to mm Chart Inch Decimal mm 1/16″ 0.0625 1.59 mm 1/8″ 0.1250 3.18 mm 3/16″ 0.1875 4.76 mm 1/4″ 0.2500 6.35 mm 5/16″ 0.3125 7.94 mm 3/8″ 0.3750 9.53 mm 7/16″ 0.4375 11.11 mm  1/2″ 0.5000 12.70 mm  9/16″ 0.5625 14.29 mm 5/8″ 0.6250 15.88 mm  11/16″ 0.6875 17.46 mm  3/4″ 0.7500 19.05 mm 13/16″ 0.8125 20.64 mm 7/8″ 0.8750 22.23 mm 15/16″ 0.9375 23.81 mm 1″ 1.00 25.40 mm 1 1/4″ 1.25 31.75 mm 1 1/2″ 1.50 38.10 mm 2″ 2.00 50.80 mm Inch to mm Chart To Conver To mm;Multiply Inches*25.4  To Conver To mm;Multiply Inches*25.4  To Conver To mm;Multiply Inches*25.4  To Convert To Inches;Multiply mm*0.03937*  To Convert To…

Gauge Size | Pipe Schdule | Nominal Pipe Size | Sheet Metal Gauge | Stainless Steel Pipe Size | Stainless Steel Tube Size | Stainless Steel Pipe Specification | Stainless Steel Pipe Dimensions | ANSI Pipe Chart | Inch to mm Chart According to ASME B36.10 and ASME B 36.19. NPS OD Schedule Designations Wall Thickness Inside Diameter Weight (Inches) (ANSI/ASME)  (Inches)  (Inches) (lbs./ft.)   1/8 0.405 10/10S 0.049 0.307 0.1863 Std./40/40S 0.068 0.269 0.2447 XS/80/80S 0.095 0.215 0.3145  1/4 0.54 10/10S 0.065 0.41 0.3297 Std./40/40S 0.088 0.364 0.4248 XS/80/80S 0.119 0.302 0.5351  3/8 0.675 10/10S 0.065 0.545 0.4235 Std./40/40S 0.091 0.493 0.5676 XS/80/80S 0.126 0.423 0.7388  1/2 0.84 5/5S 0.065 0.71 0.5383 10/10S 0.083 0.674 0.671 Std./40/40S 0.119 0.622 0.851 XS/80/80S 0.147 0.546 1.088 160 0.188 0.466 1.309 XX 0.294 0.252 1.714  3/4 1.05 5/5S 0.065 0.92 0.6838 10/10S 0.083 0.884 0.8572 Std./40/40S 0.113 0.824 1.131 XS/80/80S 0.154 0.742 1.474 160 0.219 0.618 1.944 XX 0.308 0.434 2.441 1 1.315 5/5S 0.065 1.185 0.8678 10/10S 0.109 1.097 1.404…

Gauge Sizes Chart | Pipe Schdule | Nominal Pipe Size | Sheet Metal Gauge | Stainless Steel Pipe Size | Stainless Steel Tube Size | Stainless Steel Pipe Specification | Stainless Steel Pipe Dimensions | ANSI Pipe Chart | Inch to mm Chart Standard Pipe Schedule or Pipes Sizes according to ANSI / ASME B36.10M and API 5L . ANSI – American National Standards InstituteASME – American Society of Mechanical EngineersAPI = American Petroleum InstituteASME/ANSI B 36.10 Welded Steel Pipe and Seamless Wrought Steel PipeASME/ANSI B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe Pipe Schedule NPS OD Nominal Wall Thickness (Inch) Weight per Foot (lb.) (In.) (In.) Sch. 10 Sch. 20 Sch. 30 Std. Weight Sch. 40 Sch. 60 Extra Strong Sch. 80 Sch. 100 Sch. 120 Sch. 140 Sch. 160 XXS 1/8 .405 .068 .24 .068 .24 .095 .31 .095 .31 1/4 .540 .088 .43 .088 .43 .119 .54 .119 .54 3/8 .675 0.91 .57 0.91 .57 .126 .74 .126 .74 1/2 .840 .109 .85 .109 .85 .147 1.09 .147 1.09 .188 1.31 .294 1.72 3/4…

Standard Specification PressureCalculate AllowableStress MaximumPressure Duration 　 Formula P s P max Sec 　 MPa MPa MPa S GB/T14975 p=2st/D 40%Rm 14 10 GB/T14976 p=2st/D 40%Rm 20 10 ASTM A312/A312M p=2st/D 50%Rp0.2 D≤88.9   17MPa 10 ASTM A312/A312M p=2st/D 50%Rp0.2 D＞88.9   20MPa 10 ASTM A213/A213M ASTM A1016 P=220.6t/DP=32000 t/D 　 7 10 ASTM A269 P=220.6t/D 　 7 10 EN 10216-5 p=2st/D 70%Rp0.2 7 10 P = Hydrostatic Test Pressure , psi or MPat = Specified wall thickness, in. or mm, D = Specified Outside diameter, in. or mmRp0.2 = Yield StrengthRm = Tensile Strength Pressure Tubes Tubing Pipes Burst Working Pressure Calculator Pipe Working Pressure Calculation Calculator Under Pressure Pressure Rating Pressure Rating ANSI Class vs Nominal Pressure PN Pressure Conversion Converter Calculator Conversion Calculator Calculation-Pressure|Weight|Temperature|Volume|Length Unit Conversion Calculators Conversion Table-Pressure|Stress|Mass|Length|Temperature STP Standard Temperature Pressure NTP Normal Temperature Pressure Maximum Working Pressure for Steel Tube ASME B16.5 ASTM A105 Carbon Steel…

Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A269 TP 304 Size: OD 15.88mm WT 1.245mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 304L 205 205 205 190 179 170 162 A 312 and A 269 tube Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A269 TP 304 Size: OD 15.88mm WT 1.651mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 304L 278 278 278 259 243 231 220 A 312 and A 269 tube Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A269 TP 304 Size: OD 19.05mm WT 1.651mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 304L 229 229 229 213 200 190 181 A 312 and…

American standard for Process piping (ASME B31.3 : 2018) Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A269 TP 304L Size: OD 12.7 mm WT 0.889mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 304L 152 152 152 144 134 128 123 A 312 and A 269 tube Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A269 TP 304L Size: OD 12.7 mm WT 1.245mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 304L 217 217 217 205 191 182 175 A 312 and A 269 tube Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A269 TP 304L Size: OD 12.7 mm WT 1.651mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F…

American standard for Process piping (ASME B31.3 : 2018) Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A376 347H Size: OD 25.4 mm WT 2.11mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 347 347H 219 219 219 219 219 211 205 A312 and A376 Values according to ASME SA-240, plate, Table 1A in ASME BPVC 2004. See *1) regarding paragraph UG 15. Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A376 347H Size: OD 25.4 mm WT 2.41mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 347 347H 252 252 252 252 252 243 236 A312 and A376 Values according to ASME SA-240, plate, Table 1A in ASME BPVC 2004. See *1) regarding paragraph UG 15. Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 A376…

American standard for Process piping (ASME B31.3 : 2018) Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 TP317L Size: OD 15.88mm WT 1.245mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – TP317L / S31703 205 205 205 194 181 173 166 ASTM TP317L Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 TP317L Size: OD 15.88mm WT 1.651mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 317L / S31703 278 278 278 194 181 173 166 ASTM TP317L Maximum internal pressure of ASTM A312 TP317L Size: OD 19.05mm WT 1.651mm Wall Thickness Tolerance: ± 10% Grade Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Pressurebar Remark   100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 700°F – 317L / S31703 229 229 229 216 202 193 185 ASTM TP317L…

Austenitic stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance properties, good low temperature performance and excellent mechanical and processing properties. Therefore, it is widely used in chemical, petroleum, power, nuclear engineering, aerospace, marine, pharmaceutical, light industry, textile and other sectors. Its main purpose is to prevent corrosion and rust. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel mainly depends on the surface passivation film. If the film is incomplete or defective, the stainless steel will still be corroded. In engineering, pickling and passivation treatment is usually carried out to make the corrosion resistance potential of stainless steel play a greater role. In the process of forming, assembling, welding, welding seam inspection (such as flaw detection, pressure test) and construction marking of stainless steel equipment and components, surface oil stains, rust, non-metallic dirt, low melting point metal contaminants, paint, and welding Slag and spatter, etc., these substances affect the surface…

Oxidation is the formation of oxide rich scale. The scale, once formed, slows down further oxidation, unless it is mechanically removed or cracked, which can happen if the steel deforms under load. In stainless steel, used at elevated temperature up to 1100°C for heat resisting types, this is used to advantage, the scale formed being predominantly chromium rich. The reformed scale layer will prevent further oxidation, but the metal lost in the formation of oxide will reduce the effective strength of the steel section. Oxidation resistance depends mainly on temperature, gas composition and moisture level and steel grade mainly chromium level. Austenitic stainless steel are the best choice as they also have better elevated temperature strength than the ferritic family. The higher thermal expansion rates of the austenitics can result in problems such as distortion and may lead to scale loss (spalling) during thermal cycling. Conditions for stable oxide formationOxidation is dependent mainly on the oxygen…

1. Calculation of Pitting Resistance Equivalent Numbers PREN 2. Stainless Steel Selection Avoid Localised Forms of Corrosion 3. Designing Stainless Steel Handrails and Balustrades 4. Fatigue Properties and Endurance Limits of Stainless Steel 5. Corrosion Resistant Agitators Stirrers and Mixers 6. Copper Nickel Seawater Corrosion Resistance and Antifouling 7. Copper and Copper Based Alloy Corrosion 8. Effects of Copper Alloy Chemical Compositions on Corrosion 9. Corrosion Problem – Process and Cost of Metallic Corrosion 10. Fundamental of Metal Corrosion 11. Corrosion Resistance of Nickel Alloys 12. Corrosion Resistance of Titanium 13. Corrosion Resistance of Zirconium 14. Corrosion Resistance of Tantalum 15. Corrosion by Material and Media 16. Liquid Molten Metal Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel 17. Sulphidation Resistance of Stainless Steel 18. Preventing Corrosion in Cooling System 19. Preventing Erosion-Corrosion in Cooling Systems 20. Grain Size 21. Grain Size Scale 22. Different Measures of Grain Size 23. The International Scene of Grain Size 24. Grain Size Effect on Raman Spectral Intensity 25. Grain Size Characteristics 26. Grain Size Measurement Methods 27. Grain Size Evolution of Test Methods…

Stainless steel pipe and Stainless Steel Tube is a commonly used material, and it is widely used in equipment and mechanical parts that require good overall performance (corrosion resistance and formability). In order to maintain the inherent corrosion resistance of stainless steel, steel must contain more than 18% chromium and more than 8% nickel. Stainless steel seamless pipes are produced in accordance with ASTM A312 and Stainless Steel Tubes are produced according to ASTM A213 / ASME SA213 When the inner diameter of the stainless steel pipe is greater than 26mm, the hardness of the inner wall of the pipe can be tested with a Rockwell or surface Rockwell hardness tester. The solution annealed stainless steel pipe with the inner diameter of the stainless steel tube above 6.0mm and the wall thickness below 13mm can use the W-B75 Webster hardness tester, which is very fast and easy to test, and…

Stainless steel pipe is a kind of universal stainless steel, which is widely used to make equipment and parts that require good comprehensive performance (corrosion resistance and formability). In order to maintain the inherent corrosion resistance of stainless steel, steel must contain more than 18% chromium and more than 8% nickel. Stainless steel seamless pipe is a grade of stainless steel produced in accordance with the American ASTM standard. When the inner diameter of the stainless steel pipe is greater than 26mm, the hardness of the inner wall of the pipe can also be tested with a Rockwell or surface Rockwell hardness tester. For stainless steel pipes with inner diameter above 6.0mm and wall thickness below 13mm, the W-B75 Webster hardness tester can be used. It is very fast and easy to test and is suitable for quick and non-destructive qualification inspection of stainless steel pipes. For stainless steel pipes…

According to ASME SA213/SA213M, ASTM A370, ASME SA789 / SA789MStainless Steel Mechanical Properties Grade Tensile Strengthmin.ksi [MPa] Yield Strengthmin.ksi [MPa] Elongation in 2in or 50mm length %(min) Hardness (Max) ASTM E18Brinell Hardness (Max) ASTM E18Rockwell 201 95 [655] 38 [260] 35 219 HBW 95 HRB 304 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 304L 70 [485] 25 [170] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 304H 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 304N 80 [550] 35 [240] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 309S 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 309H 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 310S 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 310H 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 316 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 316L 70 [485] 25 [170] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 316H 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB…

Stainless steel thickness greater than 1.2mm, with Rockwell hardness tester, testing, HRB, HRC hardness. 0.2 ~ 1.2mm thickness stainless steel capillary pipe plate surface Rockwell hardness test HRT, HRN hardness. Less than 0.2mm thick stainless steel plate surface Luo Hardness tester with diamond anvil, test HR30Tm hardness. Metal materials in the United States, the standard in on the hardness test has a prominent feature is the precedence Rockwell hardness test, supplemented by Brinell hardness test, Vickers hardness test uses very little the U.S. believes Vickers hardness test primarily. The research for metal and thin small parts test. Chinese and Japanese standards are also used three types of hardness test, users can thickness and the material conditions of state and choose one of their own to test the stainless steel pipe material. Japanese stainless steel capillary pipe on the tensile strength test and hardness test requirements and the corresponding Chinese standard forms the same value close to the Chinese standard reference here to see the traces by…

Hardness | Hardness Testing | Hardness Conversion Calculator | Hardness Test Methods | Brinell Hardness | Rockwell Hardness | Vickers Hardness | Superficial Rockwell Hardness | Shore Durometer Test | Hardness Conversion Chart | Brinell Rockwell Hardness Conversion | Carbon Steel Cast Steel Hardness Conversion | Rockwell Superficial Brinell Vickers Shore Hardness Conversion | Harder Scales Equivalent | Softer Scales Equivalent | Figure Comparing Hardness Scales | Table of Components Showing Relevant Surface Hardness Values | O-Ring Installation Compressive Load vs Hardness Shore A Scale | Detect The Hardness Of Stainless Steel There are several hardness scale conversion systems, including BS 860 and ASTM E140. The table shows a set of values that has been used for stainless steel and also includes a tensile strength (Ultimate Tensile Strength) comparison. The Rockwell B values are superimposed on this table using an approximation from ASTM E140 Table5, which compares Rockwell B and Brinell. For the indentation methods the different measurements in HV, HRC and HB can also be compared without too much of insecurity. However, for the rebounding methods like Shore and Equotip the errors when making conversions are larger as the individual measurements are highly…

PT Test Standard International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing – Penetration testing and magnetic particle testing – Viewing conditions ISO 3452-1, Non-destructive testing. Penetrant testing. Part 1. General principles ISO 3452-2, Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials ISO 3452-3, Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Part 3: Reference test blocks ISO 3452-4, Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Part 4: Equipment ISO 3452-5, Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Part 5: Penetrant testing at temperatures higher than 50 °C ISO 3452-6, Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Part 6: Penetrant testing at temperatures lower than 10 °C ISO 10893-4: Non-destructive testing of steel tubes. Liquid penetrant inspection of seamless and welded steel tubes for the detection of surface imperfections. ISO 12706, Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Vocabulary ISO 23277, Non-destructive testing of welds – Penetrant testing of welds – Acceptance levels European Committee for Standardization (CEN) EN 1371-1, Founding – Liquid penetrant inspection…

What is ASTM A269 and ASTM A312 / ASME SA312? ASTM A269 / A269M Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service ASTM A312 / A312M Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe StandardItem ASTM A213 ASTM A269 ASTM A312 Grade 304  304L 304H   304N  304LN316  316L 316Ti   316N  316LN321  321H   310S   310H  309S317  317L 347 347H 304  304L 304H 304N 304LN316  316L 316Ti 316N  316LN321 321H  310S 310H  309S317  317L 347 347H 304  304L 304H   304N  304LN316  316L 316Ti   316N  316LN321  321H  310S   310H  309S317  317L  347 347H Yield Strength(Mpa) ≥170；≥205 ≥170；≥205 ≥170；≥205 Tensile Strength(Mpa) ≥485；≥515 ≥485；≥515 ≥485；≥515 Elongation(%) ≥35 ≥35 ≥35 Hydrostatic Test OD(mm) Pressure max(MPa) OD(mm) Pressure max(MPa) OD(mm) Pressure max(MPa) D<25.4, 7Mpa D<25.4, 7Mpa D≤88.9, 17MPa 25.4≤D<38.1, 10Mpa 25.4≤D<38.1, 10Mpa 38.1≤D<50.8, 14Mpa 38.1≤D<50.8, 14Mpa 50.8≤D<76.2， 17MPa 50.8≤D<76.2， 17MPa D>88.9, 19MPa 76.2≤D<127， 24MPa 76.2≤D<127， 24MPa D≥127, 31Mpa D≥127, 31Mpa P=220.6t/D…

　 　 C C Si Si Mn Mn P P S S Cr Cr Ni Ni Mo Mo N N Cu Cu Ti Ti Nb Nb 　 　 min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max DIN 17456 1.4301 0.00 0.070 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.045 0.00 0.015 17.00 19.00 8.00 10.50 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 DIN 17456 1.4306 0.00 0.030 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.045 0.00 0.015 18.00 20.00 10.00 12.00 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 DIN 17456 1.4311 0.00 0.030 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.045 0.00 0.015 17.00 19.50 8.50 11.50 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 DIN 17456 1.4541 0.00 0.080 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.045 0.00 0.015 17.00 19.00 9.00 12.00…

　 　 C C Si Si Mn Mn P P S S Cr Cr Ni Ni Mo Mo N N Cu Cu Ti Ti Nb Nb 　 　 min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max J3459 SUS304TP 0.00 0.080 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.040 0.00 0.030 18.00 20.00 8.00 11.00 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 J3459 SUS304HP 0.040 0.100 0.00 0.75 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.040 0.00 0.030 18.00 20.00 8.00 11.00 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 J3459 SUS304LTP 0.00 0.030 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.040 0.00 0.030 18.00 20.00 9.00 13.00 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 J3459 SUS310STP 0.00 0.080 0.00 1.50 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.040 0.00 0.030 24.00 26.00 19.00 22.00 　 　 　 　…

ASTM B111 Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser Tubes and Ferrule StockASTM A213/A213M-15 Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger TubesASTM A269/A269M-15 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General ServiceASTM A249 – A249/A249M Specification fors Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat Exchanger, and Condenser TubesASTM A179 – A179/A179M – Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat Exchanger Tubes and Condenser TubesASTM A214 – A214/A214M Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesASTM A851 – A851 Specification for High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed, Austenitic Steel Condenser Tubes

Material Form Type of Discontinuity Water-Washable Penetration Time* Aluminium Castings Porosity, Cold Shuts 5 to 15 min Aluminium Extrusions, Forgings Laps NR** Aluminium Welds Lack of Fusion, Porosity 30 Aluminium All Cracks, Fatigue Cracks 30, not recommended for fatigue crack Magnesium Castings Porosity, Cold Shuts 15 Magnesium Extrusions, Forgings Laps not recommended Magnesium Welds Lack of Fusion, Porosity 30 Magnesium All Cracks, Fatigue Cracks 30, not recommended for fatigue crack Steel Castings Porosity, Cold Shuts 30 Steel Extrusions, Forgings Laps not recommended Steel Welds Lack of Fusion, Porosity 60 Steel All Cracks, Fatigue Cracks 30, not recommended for fatigue crack Brass & Bronze Castings Porosity, Cold Shuts 10 Brass & Bronze Extrusions, Forgings Laps not recommended Brass & Bronze Brazed Parts Lack of Fusion, Porosity 15 Brass & Bronze All Cracks 30 Brass & Bronze       Plastics All Cracks 5 to 30 Glass All Cracks 5 to 30…

TP304H stainless steel has high thermal strength and good oxidation resistance, widely used in the high temperature section of boiler superheaters and reheaters over 600℃, and the maximum operating temperature can reach to 760℃. The use of TP304H stainless steel, to a certain extent, solves the over-temperature tube burst caused by the large temperature difference of the furnace smoke, and significantly improves the safety of the boiler operation. However, TP304H stainless steel is prone to structural transformation during long-term high temperature operation, resulting in material aging. Therefore, studying the structure transformation of TP304H austenitic stainless steel and its influencing factors when operating under high temperature conditions is of great significance for rationally arranging the running time of the material, monitoring the damage degree of the pipeline online, and improving the material itself. For this reason, through the high temperature aging simulation test, the influence of aging temperature and time on…

In the early stage of forging deformation of stainless steel flat welded flanges, because the porous preform is easy to deform, the deformation force is small, and the density increases rapidly. In the later stage of forging forming, due to the closure of most of the pores, the deformation resistance increases, and the deformation force required to eliminate the residual pores increases rapidly. The deformation resistance is closely related to the deformation temperature. A higher deformation temperature is conducive to compaction and reduces the deformation resistance. The higher deformation rate is also conducive to the compactness of stainless steel flat welded flanges. The forging process of stainless steel flat welded flanges has stricter equipment requirements than traditional die forging, and the displacement characteristics of the punch must match the deformation and compact characteristics of the preform. The contact time between the blank and the mold should be as short as…

304 stainless steel products often have various cracking phenomena during the deep drawing process. Among them, lateral or point cracks on the sidewall are common processing failure forms of 304 stainless steel products with relatively large deep drawing. Especially in recent years, the cost-reduction work of stainless steel products processing procedures has continued to advance. The number of drawing passes has been reduced from 5 times to 3 times commonly used at present, and the number of intermediate annealing has been changed to one annealing or no annealing after stamping. The formability of the material puts forward higher requirements. The lateral or point-like cracking defects on the sidewall of stainless steel products may be caused by material inclusions, delta ferrite and other material intergranular defects, or may be caused by factors such as the drawing process and drawing oil during the processing of stainless steel products. The lateral or point…

The main methods for continuous welding of ferritic stainless steel are: TIG welding, high frequency induction HFI welding, plasma arc welding PAW and excitation welding. High-quality welded pipes are more frequently used for high-frequency induction welding and excitation welding. Welding characteristics of stainless steel tubes for automobiles: Compared with traditional fusion welding, laser welding and high-frequency welding have the characteristics of fast welding speed, high energy density, and small heat input. Therefore, the heat affected zone is narrow, the degree of grain growth is small, the welding deformation is small, and the cold forming performance is good. It is easy to realize automatic welding and single-pass penetration of thick plates. The most important feature is that the I-shaped groove butt welding does not require filler materials. The use of laser welding and high-frequency welding of ferritic stainless steel pipes can meet the requirements of the cold working process for the…

TP304H stainless steel has high thermal strength and good oxidation resistance, widely used in the high temperature section of boiler superheaters and reheaters over 600℃, and the maximum operating temperature can reach to 760℃. The use of TP304H stainless steel, to a certain extent, solves the over-temperature tube burst caused by the large temperature difference of the furnace smoke, and significantly improves the safety of the boiler operation. However, TP304H stainless steel is prone to structural transformation during long-term high temperature operation, resulting in material aging. Therefore, studying the structure transformation of TP304H austenitic stainless steel and its influencing factors when operating under high temperature conditions is of great significance for rationally arranging the running time of the material, monitoring the damage degree of the pipeline online, and improving the material itself. For this reason, through the high temperature aging simulation test, the influence of aging temperature and time on…

A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact.They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, and natural gas processing. One common example of a heat exchanger is the radiator in a car, in which the heat source, being a hot engine-cooling fluid, water, transfers heat to air flowing through the radiator (i.e. the heat transfer medium). In almost any chemical, electronic, or mechanical system, heat must be transferred from one place to another or from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from one fluid to another. A basic understanding of the mechanical components of a heat exchanger is important to understanding how they function and operate. Heat exchanger is a component that allows the transfer…

Use of Stainless Steel Under High Temperature Condition Refer Table Hot-Dip Galvanizing Performance in Extreme Temperature Sparking Risks in Explosive Gas Atmospheres Melting Temperature of Metals Melting Temperature Ranges for Stainless Steel High Temperature Stainless Steel Properties Temperature Conversion Converter Calculator Maximum Service Temperature in Air for Stainless Steel High Temperature And Corrosion Resistant Alloys High Temperature Change Stainless Steel Mechnical Properties High Temperature Stainless Steel Tubes High Temperature Stainless Steel Tubes High Temperature Property Stainless Steel High Temperature-Tubes and Pipes Standards Properties at Cryogenic Temperatures of Stainless Steel Tubes Fire resistance rating and testing of stainless steel Heat Resistant Stainless Steels and Corrosion Resistant Stainless Steels Chemical Composition of AISI and UNS Heat Resisting Stainless Steel Chemical Composition of ACI Heat Resisting Stainless Steel Temperature Effects on Metal Strength ASME B31.9 – Working Pressure and Temperature Pressure and Temperature Ratings of ASTM A106 Grade B Carbon Steel Pipes ASTM…

ASTM A213 321 321H 347 347H Chemical Composition Grade 321 321H 347 347H UNS Designation S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 Carbon (C) Max. 0.08 0.04–0.10 0.08 0.04-0.10 Manganese (Mn) Max. 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Phosphorous (P) Max. 0.045 0.045 0.04 0.04 Sulphur (S) Max. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Silicon (Si) Max. 1.00 1.00 0.75 0.74 Chromium (Cr) 17.0–20.0 17.0–20.0 17.0–20.0 17.0–20.0 Nickel (Ni) 9.0–12.0 9.0–12.0 9.0–13.0 9.0–13.0 Molybdenum (Mo) – – – – Nitrogen (N) – – – – Iron (Fe) Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Other Elements Ti=5(C+N) to 0.70% Ti=4(C+N) to 0.70% Cb+Ta=10xC-1.0 Cb+Ta=10xC-1.0 A limitation with 321 is that titanium does not transfer well across a high temperature arc, so is not recommended as a welding consumable. In this case grade 347 is preferred – the niobium performs the same carbide stabilisation task but can be transferred across a welding arc. Grade 347 is therefore the standard consumable for welding 321. Grade…

1. Difference in Chemical Composition: 316L is an ultra-low-carbon stainless steel, while 316 stainless steel is a low-carbon stainless steel, not an ultra-low-carbon stainless steel. Grade – C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N TP316L min.max. -0.035 -2.0 -1.00 -0.045 -0.030 16.0-18.0 – 10.0-14.0 – 316 min.max. -0.08 -2.0 -1.00 -0.040 -0.030 16.0-18.0 – 10.0-14.0 – 2. Different in Yield Strength and Tensile Strength According to ASME SA213, for Tensile Strength, TP316L 485 min (N/MM2), 316 515 min (N/MM2). for Yield Strength, TP316L 170min (N/MM2), 316 205 min (N/MM2). Comparison of Composition Ranges of TP316 Stainless SteelSelection 316L Stainless Steel for High Purity Semiconductor Gas Filter AssembliesPipes Tubes Plates Bars Square Tubes Weight Calculation CalculatorPipe Working Pressure CalculationMetals Weight Calculator Calculation 316L Chemical Composition316L Resistance to Corrosion316L Physical Properties316L Mechanical Properties316L Oxidation Resistance316L Heat Treatment316L Fabrication

TP304 is equivalent to 06Cr19Ni10 (new GB standard 304), 304 is equivalent to 0Cr18Ni9(old GB standard 304). In terms of price, TP304 is also about USD 65 more expensive than 304 (per metric tons) What is the element content? The main difference between 304 and TP304 is its chromium content. The chromium content of TP304 is one higher, reaching more than 18, so its corrosion resistance and price are slightly higher than that of GB 304. Therefore, TP304 is more expensive than 304 in price, and the ingredients are as follows: Grade – C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N TP304 min.max. -0.08 -2.0 -1.00 -0.045 -0.030 18.0-20.0 – 8.0-11.0 – 304 min.max. -0.08 -2.0 -1.00 -0.040 -0.015 17.00-19.5 – 8.0-10.5 – General PropertiesChemical CompositionResistance to CorrosionHeat ResistancePhysical PropertiesMechanical PropertiesWeldingHeat TreatmentCleaning304/304L/304LN/304H Tubing and PipeStainless Steel ” L” “H” GradeDifference Between 304H and 347HDifference Between 304 304L and 321304…

Due to the high strength of Duplex steel, it is usually possible to save material, such as reducing the wall thickness of the pipe. Take the use of SAF2205 and SAF2507 as an example. SAF2205 is suitable for use in chlorine-containing environments. The material is suitable for oil refining or other process media mixed with chloride. SAF2205 is especially suitable for heat exchangers that use chlorine-containing aqueous solutions or brackish water as the cooling medium. The material is also suitable for diluted sulfuric acid solutions and pure organic acids and their mixtures. Such as: oil pipes in the oil and natural gas industry: crude oil desalination in oil refineries, sulfur-containing gas purification, wastewater treatment equipment; cooling systems that use brackish water or chlorinated solutions. Compared with austenitic stainless steel 1) The yield strength is more than twice that of ordinary austenitic stainless steel, and it has sufficient plastic toughness for…

According ASTM A213-15, ASTM A269-15, ASTM A312-17, ASME SA376-15ED, ASTM A511-16, ASTM A789-17, ASTM A790-16 Nickel Base Alloys:Alloy 20 (UNS N08020), Monel 200 (UNS 02200), Monel 400 (UNS N04400), Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800), Incoloy 800H (UNS N08810), Incoloy 800HT (UNS N08811), Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825), Inconel 600 (UNS N06600), 4J29, 4J36, GH3030, GH3039, C276 (UNS N10276) Specification Grade C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo N Cu Ti Nb min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max A312 TP304 0.00 0.080 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.045 0.00 0.030 18.00 20.00 8.00 11.00 A312 TP304H 0.040 0.100 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.045 0.00 0.030 18.00 20.00 8.00 11.00 A312 TP304L 0.00 0.035 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.045 0.00 0.030 18.00 20.00 8.00 13.00 A312 TP310S 0.00 0.080 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.045 0.00 0.030 24.00 26.00 19.00 22.00 0.00 0.75 A312 TP316 0.00 0.080 0.00 1.00 0.00 2.00 0.00…

According to ASME SA213/SA213M, ASTM A370, ASME SA789 / SA789MStainless Steel Mechanical Properties Grade Tensile Strengthmin.ksi [MPa] Yield Strengthmin.ksi [MPa] Elongation in 2in or 50mm length %(min) Hardness (Max) ASTM E18Brinell Hardness (Max) ASTM E18Rockwell 201 95 [655] 38 [260] 35 219 HBW 95 HRB 304 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 304L 70 [485] 25 [170] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 304H 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 304N 80 [550] 35 [240] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 309S 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 309H 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 310S 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 310H 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 316 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 316L 70 [485] 25 [170] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB 316H 75 [515] 30 [205] 35 192 HBW 90 HRB…

Stainless steel pipe is curved in the length direction, and the degree of curve is called the degree of curvature (Straightness). The curvature specified in the standard is generally divided into the following two types: A. Local curvature: Use a one-meter straight ruler to lean on the maximum bend of the stainless steel pipe, and measure the chord height (mm), which is the value of the local curvature. The unit is mm/m, and the expression is 2.5mm/m. . This method is also suitable for tube end curvature. B. Total curvature of the total length: Use a thin rope to tighten from both ends of the pipe, measure the maximum chord height (mm) at the bend of the steel pipe, and then convert it into a percentage of the length (in meters), which is the length of the stainless steel pipe The full-length curvature of the direction. For example: the length…

In the cross section of the stainless steel pipe, there is a phenomenon that the outer diameters are not equal, that is, there are maximum and minimum outer diameters that are not necessarily perpendicular to each other. The difference between the Maximum outer diameter and the minimum outer diameter is the Ovality (or out-of-roundness). In order to control the ovality, some stainless steel pipe standards stipulate the allowable tolerance of ovality, which is generally specified as not exceeding 80% of the outer diameter tolerance (implemented after negotiation between the supplier and the buyer). The general requirement standard for stainless steel pipe is ASTM A999. The OD under tolerance on all sizes is -0.031”. The over tolerance increases with OD size but for the range of 1-1/2 to 4 NPS the plus tolerance is also 0.031”. An additional ovality tolerance allowance is permitted for thin wall thickness pipe which is defined…

The wall thickness of stainless steel pipe cannot be the same everywhere, and there are objectively unequal wall thicknesses in the cross section and longitudinal pipe body, that is, uneven wall thickness. In order to control this non-uniformity, some stainless steel pipe standards such ASTM A312, ASTM A999 stipulate the allowable index of uneven wall thickness, which is generally specified not to exceed 80% of the wall thickness tolerance (implemented after negotiation between the supplier and the buyer). ASTM A269 Welded and Seamless General Service Tolerances, Inches Tolerances, Inches Tolerances, Inches Tolerances, Inches SizeInches OD,Inches Wall Ovality2 x Tol., In. Cut Length(b), In. Less than 1/2 ±0.005 ±15% —— +1/8–0 Over 1/2 to 1-1/2 ±0.005 ±10% –0.065 +1/8–0 Over 1-1/2 to 3-1/2 ±0.010 ±10% –0.095 +3/16–0 Over 3-1/2 to 5-1/2 ±0.015 ±10% –0.150 +3/16–0 Over 5-1/2 to 8 ±0.030 ±10% —— +3/16–0 Related References:Weight of SteelsStainless Steel Density Calculation MethodsCalculate…

Delivery length is also called the length required by the user or the length of the order. The standard has the following regulations on delivery length: A. Normal length / Random Length (also called non-fixed-length length): Any stainless steel tube whose length is within the length range specified by the standard and has no fixed length requirement is called normal length. For example, the structural stainless steel pipe standard stipulates: hot-rolled (extruded, expanded) steel pipe 3000mm ~ 12000mm; cold drawn (rolled) steel pipe 2000mm ~ 10500mm. B. Fixed Length: The fixed-length should be within the usual length range, which is a certain fixed-length dimension required in the contract. However, it is impossible to cut out the absolute fixed-length length in actual operation, so the standard stipulates the allowable positive deviation value for the fixed-length length. Take the structural stainless steel pipe standard as: The yield rate of production of fixed-length…

Deviation In the production process, because the actual size is difficult to meet the nominal pipe size requirement, that is, it is often larger or smaller than the nominal size, so the standard stipulates that there is a difference between the actual size and the nominal size of the stainless steel pipe. A positive difference is called a positive deviation, and a negative difference is called a negative deviation. Tolerance The standard stipulates that the sum of the absolute value of the positive and negative deviations of stainless steel pipes is called tolerance, also called “tolerance zone”. For wall thickness we have two choices, Minimum Wall Thickness and Average Wall Thickness. Difference Standard Specifications have different tolerance requests. Mainly specify in ASTM A999 or ASTM A1016 or EN 10216-5 Related References:Pipe ScheduleStainless Steel Tube SizeASME B36.10M – 2015 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel PipeASME B36.19M – 2004 Stainless Steel Pipe…